Singing silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans)

Characterizing sounds produced by animals can lead to better understanding of their behavioral ecology and conservation. While considerable focus has been on signals used by bats for echolocation, there has been less emphasis on nonecholocation sounds. We describe songs (i.e., acoustic vocalizations with distinctive syllable types in series or in complex motifs) produced by silver‐haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Songs, characterized by a sequence (song phrase) of 3 distinct vocalization types, were confirmed by observing free‐flying, silver‐haired bats at mine hibernacula in British Columbia, Canada. The song patterns were relatively consistent with each song phrase consisting of a lead call, followed by a droplet call, and finishing with a series of multiple chirp calls. The function of the songs is unknown, however, as other bat species produce songs for mating, we propose silver‐ aired bat songs may similarly be associated with courtship or mating. Alternative functions canno..., Methods from the manuscript: Study Species In Canada, silver‐haired bats are considered migratory, moving south for winter months (Naughton 2012) however, in British Columbia (BC) and parts of the northwestern U.S. (including Washington, Idaho and Montana), silver‐ haired bats are recorded year‐round, flying in winter during hibernal arousals (Schowalter et al. 1978, Falxa 2007, Lausen et al. 2022). Banding records provide evidence that at least some silver‐haired bats reside year‐round at some mines in British Columbia (Lausen et al. 2022).  Study Area Our recordings spanned several U.S. states and areas of BC. We recorded bats at 23 acoustic detector sites across western U.S. and Canada, each with varying degrees of forested/rocky terrain (Table S1, available in Supporting Information; Figure 1): California (4), Colorado (1), Idaho (3), Utah (2), Montana (2), Washington (one main active monitoring area), and British Columbia (BC, 10). At the Washington site, overwintering roosts of si..., Files that end in .wav can be opened with Sonobat, Kaleidoscope, or Anabat Insight. They can also be opened with free acoustic software that permit visualization such as Raven Lite. Note that Kaleidoscope (from Wildlife Acoustics) is free to download and use to visualize any of the recordings in this dataset. Insight must be purchased. Sonobat must be purchased and can only be used to view the .wav files. Files that end in something other than .wav (i.e., # or zc) are zero-crossing format and will require the free software download AnalookW or the fee-based Anabat Insight (both software links available on website of Titley Scientific). , These recordings are samples of songs produced by silver-haired bats. Files have been made publicly available courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Montana Natural Heritage Program, British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Colorado Bureau of Land Management, Utah USDA Forest Service, and Idaho USDA Forest Service. To view .wav files (full spectrum recordings) the following free software can be used: Kaleiodscope (Wildlife Acoustics) - specific to viewing bat recordings Raven Lite (Cornell University) Fee-based software that could be used and is specific to viewing bat acoustic recordings: Anabat Insight (Titley Scientific) Sonobat Recordings that end in something other than .wav (i.e., #, zc) are zero-crossing files and can be viewed in free software AnalookW (available: select first option in list), or fee-based Anabat Insight (Titley Scientific) IMPORTANT NOTE: Metadata is not necessarily accurate, and should not be used. When these files are automatically identified...对动物发出的声音进行表征研究，有助于深化对其行为生态学与物种保护的认知。当前学界对蝙蝠用于回声定位的信号关注较多，但对非回声定位类声音的研究关注度相对不足。本研究对银毛蝠（*Lasionycteris noctivagans*）发出的鸣曲（即由特定音节序列或复杂模体组成的声学发声）进行了描述。该鸣曲以包含3种不同发声类型的序列（鸣曲乐句）为特征，研究通过在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的矿山冬眠位点观测自由飞行的银毛蝠得以确认。每个鸣曲乐句均以引导性叫声起始，随后为水滴状叫声，最终以一系列连续的啭鸣收尾，整体鸣曲模式相对统一。目前该鸣曲的功能尚不明确，但鉴于其他蝙蝠物种会通过鸣曲完成交配行为，我们推测银毛蝠的鸣曲可能同样与求偶或交配相关，其他潜在功能暂无法排除…… 本研究方法如下： 研究物种 在加拿大境内，银毛蝠通常被认为是迁徙性物种，会在冬季向南迁徙（Naughton, 2012）。但在不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）及美国西北部部分区域（包括华盛顿州、爱达荷州与蒙大拿州），银毛蝠全年均有观测记录，它们会在冬季冬眠觉醒时活动（Schowalter et al., 1978; Falxa, 2007; Lausen et al., 2022）。环志记录显示，不列颠哥伦比亚省部分矿山的银毛蝠种群中，至少有部分个体全年定居于此（Lausen et al., 2022）。 研究区域 本次录音覆盖美国多个州及不列颠哥伦比亚省区域，研究团队在美国西部与加拿大境内的23个声学监测点位开展蝙蝠录音工作，各点位的森林/岩石地貌占比各不相同（详见支撑信息表S1及图1）：加利福尼亚州（4个）、科罗拉多州（1个）、爱达荷州（3个）、犹他州（2个）、蒙大拿州（2个）、华盛顿州（1个主要主动监测区域）以及不列颠哥伦比亚省（10个）。在华盛顿州监测点，银毛蝠的越冬栖息…… 文件格式说明：扩展名为.wav的文件可通过Sonobat、Kaleidoscope或Anabat Insight打开，也可使用Raven Lite等支持可视化的免费声学软件查看。需注意：Wildlife Acoustics出品的Kaleidoscope可免费下载并用于本数据集所有录音的可视化；Anabat Insight与Sonobat均需付费购买，且Sonobat仅支持查看.wav格式文件。扩展名为非.wav格式（如#或zc）的文件为零交叉格式录音，需使用免费软件AnalookW或付费软件Anabat Insight（两款软件的下载链接均可在Titley Scientific官网获取）进行查看。 本数据集收录的录音均为银毛蝠鸣曲的样本。本数据集的公开授权鸣谢如下：加拿大野生动物保护协会、蒙大拿州自然遗产项目、不列颠哥伦比亚省环境部、科罗拉多州土地管理局、犹他州美国农业部林务局以及爱达荷州美国农业部林务局。 查看.wav格式（全频谱录音）的免费软件包括： 1. Kaleidoscope（Wildlife Acoustics出品，专为蝙蝠录音可视化设计） 2. Raven Lite（康奈尔大学研发） 用于蝙蝠声学录音可视化的付费专用软件包括： Anabat Insight（Titley Scientific出品）与Sonobat 非.wav格式的录音（如#、zc格式）为零交叉格式文件，可通过免费软件AnalookW（可直接选择列表中的第一个选项获取）或付费软件Anabat Insight（Titley Scientific出品）进行查看。 重要提示：本数据集的元数据未必准确，请勿直接采信。当对这些文件进行自动识别时……