Labour Market Dynamics in South Africa 2015 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) is a household-based sample survey conducted by Statistics South Africa (StatsSA). It collects data on the labour market activities of individuals aged 15 years or older who live in South Africa. Since 2008, StatsSA have produced an annual dataset based on the QLFS data, "Labour Market Dynamics in South Africa". The dataset is constructed using data from all all four QLFS datasets in the year. The dataset also includes a number of variables (including income) that are not available in any of the QLFS datasets from 2010.

Geographic coverage
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The survey had national coverage.
The lowest level of geographic aggregation for the data is Province

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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The QLFS sample covers the non-institutional population except for those in workers' hostels. However, persons living in private dwelling units within institutions are enumerated. For example, within a school compound, one would enumerate the schoolmaster's house and teachers' accommodation because these are private dwellings. Students living in a dormitory on the school compound would, however, be excluded.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The QLFS frame has been developed as a general purpose household survey frame that can be used by all other household surveys irrespective of the sample size requirement of the survey. The sample size for the QLFS is roughly 30 000 dwellings per quarter.

The sample is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA. In preparation for the 2001 Census, the country was divided into 80 787 enumeration areas (EAs). Stats SA's household-based surveys use a Master Sample of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) which comprises of EAs that are drawn from across the country.

The sample is designed to be representative at the provincial level and within provinces at the metro/non-metro level. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geography type. The four geography types are: urban formal, urban informal, farms and tribal. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area the sample is representative at the different geography types that may exist within that metro.

The current sample size is 3 080 PSUs. It is divided equally into four sub-groups or panels called rotation groups. The rotation groups are designed in such a way that each of these groups has the same distribution pattern as that which is observed in the whole sample. They are numbered from one to four and these numbers also correspond to the quarters of the year in which the sample will be rotated for the particular group.

The sample for the QLFS is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of primary sampling units (PSUs) in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Data appraisal
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In the report for the 2015 LMDSA Statistics South Africa have included the following "cautionary notes":

"Mining: Caution is required when making conclusions based on the industrial profile of employed persons since the clustered nature of the Mining industry means that it might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample. Alternative mining estimates are also included in the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES).
2013 Master Sample: In 2015, Stats SA introduced a new master sample based on the Census 2011 data (2013 Master Sample). A number of improvements were introduced, including efforts to improve Mining estimates through the inclusion of Mining strata in provinces where employment in this industry was more than 30% of total employment. In addition, estimates of labour market indicators at a metro level was also published for the first time."

{'Abstract': '摘要
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南非季度劳动力调查（QLFS）是由南非统计局（StatsSA）进行的一项基于家庭的抽样调查。该调查收集了居住在南非且年龄在15岁或以上的个人在劳动力市场的活动数据。自2008年起，StatsSA基于QLFS数据编制了一年年鉴数据集，即《南非劳动力市场动态》。该数据集由当年所有四个QLFS数据集构成，并包含了一些（包括收入）在2010年任何QLFS数据集中均不可得的变量。

地理覆盖范围
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调查覆盖全国范围。
数据的空间聚合最低级别为省份。

分析单元
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个人

总体
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QLFS样本覆盖了非机构人口，但排除了工人宿舍中的居民。然而，居住在机构内私人住宅单位中的人员将被统计。例如，在学校园区内，校长住宅和教师宿舍将被统计，因为这些是私人住宅。然而，居住在学校园区宿舍的学生则被排除在外。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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QLFS框架被开发为一个通用目的的家庭调查框架，可用于所有其他家庭调查，无论调查的样本量需求如何。QLFS的样本量大约为每个季度30,000个住宅。
样本基于Stats SA在2001年进行的普查期间收集的信息。为了准备2001年的普查，国家被划分为80,787个统计区域（EAs）。Stats SA的家庭调查使用了一个主样本，该样本由来自全国各地的统计区域（EAs）组成。
样本旨在在省级层面以及省份内的城市/非城市层面具有代表性。在城市中，样本进一步按地理类型进行分配。四种地理类型是：城市正规、城市非正规、农场和部落。这意味着，例如，在一个大都市区域内，样本代表该区域内可能存在的不同地理类型。
当前样本量为3,080个抽样单位（PSUs）。这些样本被平均分为四个子组或面板，称为轮换组。轮换组的设计方式使得每个组都具有与整个样本相同的分布模式。它们被编号为1到4，这些编号也对应于样本将轮换的特定组的年份季度。
QLFS的样本基于分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用与规模成比例的概率抽样（PPS）对初级抽样单位（PSUs）进行抽样，第二阶段对住宅单位（DUs）进行系统抽样。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

数据评估
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在2015年LMDSA报告中，南非统计局包括了以下“注意事项”：

“采矿：在基于雇佣人员的行业概况得出结论时，需要谨慎，因为采矿业的集群性质意味着它可能没有被QLFS样本充分捕捉。同时，在季度就业统计（QES）中也包括了替代采矿估计。
2013年主样本：2015年，Stats SA引入了一个基于2011年人口普查数据的新主样本（2013年主样本）。引入了一些改进，包括通过在就业超过总就业量30%的省份中包含采矿层来改善采矿估计的努力。此外，首次发布了城市层面的劳动力市场指标估计。”'}