Global patent catch-up ratio for countries and major regions 1990–2010.

Catch-up ratio is based on a moving five-year average of fractional patents per population. Countries and major regions are ranked in order of their catch-up ratio in 1990–2010. Additionally, the table details the catch-up ratio for consecutive five-year periods between 1990 and 2010, detailing the varying speeds of catch-up, stagnation, and falling behind of individual countries and major regions. Sources: Authors’ own data; [16,19]Global patent catch-up ratio for countries and major regions 1990–2010.