Escherichia coli strain:K-12 MG1655 | isolate:WT and evolved isolates Y1-Y25 Genome sequencing

Evolved Escherichia coli isolates (Y1 to Y25) derived from the ancestral K-12 MG1655 wild-type strain after long-term growth in aged colonies. Whole-genome resequencing identified multiple adaptive mutations, including IS insertions in the yobF-cspC locus and changes affecting stress-response and metabolic genes. Transcriptome analyses using NimbleGen microarrays were performed for WT, Y5, and Y6 to investigate gene expression reprogramming. Targeted Sanger resequencing of the yobF-cspC region validated the IS insertions detected by NGS.