Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011 - Iraq

Abstract
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This survey represents the fourth round of the Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey (MICS4) carried out in Iraq. MICS4 surveys have been conducted in around fifty countries throughout the world. The sample of the survey was designed to cover all districts (118) and governorates (18), urban and rural areas, with a total sample size of 36,580 households. The objective of the survey is to provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Iraq, which will be used for monitoring progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, the goals of A World Fit for Children (WFFC), and the national goals.

In each of the interviewed households, information was collected on the sex and age of all household members, a total of 230,000 persons. Their access to water and sanitation, education levels, child labour, methods used to discipline children, salt iodization, and other living conditions were registered. More than 55,000 women 15-49 years living in those households were interviewed to obtain information on marriage, child mortality, contraception, FGM/C, maternal and newborn health, attitudes towards domestic violence, practices and knowledge related to HIV/AIDS. The mothers or caretakers of more than 36,000 children under five years were interviewed to collect information on birth registration, child development, immunization, breastfeeding, vitamin A supplementation, care of illness, and anthropometry.

Despite the remarkable differences in the levels of security and access throughout Iraq's territory, MICS4 has been conducted under the leadership of the two organizations: the Central Statistics Organization and the Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office. The location of interviewed households was registered using GPS devices, which will help identifying children living in the most disadvantaged communities.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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- Individuals
- Households

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The primary objective of the sample design for the Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was to produce statistically estimates of most indicators with high precision at the national level, and with lower precision levels for smaller geographical units (governorates and districts). Urban and rural areas in each of the 118 Districts were defined as the sampling strata.

A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

The target sample size for the Iraq MICS was calculated as 35,580 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the full immunization coverage among children aged 0-4 years according to MICS3.

The resulting number of households from this exercise was 311 households, taken to be 310, which is the sample size needed in each District -thus yielding about 36,580 in total. The average number of households selected per cluster for the Iraq MICS was determined as 10 households, based on a number of considerations, including the design effect, the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster given the security conditions for the field teams. Dividing the total number of households by the number of sample households per cluster, it was calculated that 85 sample clusters would need to be selected in each region.

Equal allocation of the total sample size to the 118 districts was used. Therefore, 31 clusters were allocated to each district, with the final sample size calculated at 36,580 households (31 clusters*118 regions*10 sample households per cluster). In each region, the clusters (primary sampling units) were distributed to urban and rural domains, proportional to the size of urban and rural populations in that region.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in appendix A in document "Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011 - Report" pp.1-4.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered to a knowledgeable adult living in the household. The household questionnaire includes Household Listing Form, Education, Water and Sanitation, Household Characteristics, Child Labour, Child Discipline, Handwashing, Salt Iodization and Water Testing.

In addition to a household questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Individual Women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households. The women's questionnaire includes Women's Background, Marriage, Child Mortality (with Birth history), HIV/AIDS, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Illness Symptoms, Contraception, Unmet Need, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence.

The Questionnaire for Children Under-Five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under 5 years of age living in the households. The children's questionnaire includes Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding, Care of Illness, Immunization, and Anthropometry.

Cleaning operations
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Questionnaires were edited in the field by the local editors. A second round of editing was performed centrally at CSO office in Baghdad and KRSO office in Erbil. The data entry process began using 95 microcomputers (70 in Baghdad and 25 in Kurdistan Region) using the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro). In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the Iraq questionnaires were used throughout. Data entry took place in Baghdad from May until August 2011. In the Kurdistan Region, the entry process began in April and ended in June 2011. Data processing ended in October 2011, and overall data quality was assessed in November 2011. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 18, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate
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The original selected sample of 36,580 was increased up to 36,592 households because 12 housing units included 2 households each. Out of those, 35,828 were found to be occupied. Of these, 35,701 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 99.6%. In the interviewed households, 56,445 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 55,194 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 97.8% within interviewed households. In addition, 36,599 children under age five were listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 36,307 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of 99.2% within interviewed households. Overall response rates of 97.4 and 98.9 are calculated for the women's and under-5's interviews respectively. Generally, response rates were high and similar within urban and rural areas and within the governorates.

Sampling error estimates
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Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.

The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
- Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2.se orr- 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 18 Complex Samples module has been used. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.

Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national level, for the regions, and for urban and rural areas. Three of the selected indicators are based on households, 8 are based on household members, 13 are based on women, and 15 are based on children under 5. All indicators presented here are in the form of proportions.

Data appraisal
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A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:

- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of children under 5 in household and children under 5 questionnaires
- Women's completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completion rates for under-five questionnaires by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements
- Observation of places for handwashing
- Observation of women's health cards
- Observation of children under 5 birth certificates
- Observation of vaccination cards
- Presence of mother in the household and the person interviewed for the under-5 questionnaire
- Selection of children age 2-14 years for the child discipline module
- School attendance by single age
- Sex ratio at birth among children ever born and living

The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in appendix D in the document "Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2009 - Report" pp.51-64.

摘要
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本调查代表了在伊拉克进行的第4轮多集群指标调查（MICS4）。MICS4调查已在全球约五十个国家进行。调查样本旨在涵盖所有地区（118个）和省份（18个），包括城市和农村地区，总样本量为36,580户家庭。调查的目的是提供最新的信息，以评估伊拉克儿童和妇女的状况，这些信息将用于监测实现千年发展目标、适合儿童的世界（WFFC）目标和国家级目标的进展。
在每位受访户中，收集了所有家庭成员的性别和年龄信息，总计230,000人。记录了他们获取水源和卫生设施的情况、教育水平、童工、管教儿童的方法、碘盐化、以及其他生活条件。对居住在这些家庭中的55,000多名15-49岁的妇女进行了访谈，以获取有关婚姻、儿童死亡率、避孕、FGM/C、孕产妇和新生儿健康、对家庭暴力的态度、与HIV/AIDS相关的实践和知识的信息。对36,000多名5岁以下儿童的母亲或照料者进行了访谈，以收集有关出生登记、儿童发展、免疫接种、母乳喂养、维生素A补充、疾病护理和人体测量学信息。
尽管伊拉克全境的安保和获取资源水平存在显著差异，但MICS4在中央统计局和库尔德地区统计局的领导下进行。使用GPS设备记录了受访家庭的地理位置，这有助于识别生活在最不利社区的孩子。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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- 个人
- 家庭
总体
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调查涵盖了所有法定家庭成员（常住居民），所有15-49岁的妇女，以及所有居住在家庭中的5岁以下儿童。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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伊拉克多指标集群调查（MICS）样本设计的主要目标是产生大多数指标在全国层面的高精度统计估计，以及在小地理单元（省份和地区）的较低精度水平。
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数据评估
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一系列数据质量表格可用于审查数据质量，包括以下内容：
- 家庭人口年龄分布
- 符合条件且被访谈的妇女年龄分布
- 家庭和5岁以下儿童问卷中的5岁以下儿童年龄分布
- 妇女完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 5岁以下儿童问卷完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 报告的完整性
- 人体测量学指标信息的完整性
- 人体测量学测量中的集中趋势
- 观察洗手地点
- 观察妇女健康卡
- 观察5岁以下儿童出生证明
- 观察疫苗接种卡
- 家庭中母亲的存在以及5岁以下问卷的访谈对象
- 为儿童纪律模块选择2-14岁儿童
- 单个年龄的上学率
- 出生时儿童的性别比例
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