Open Science: What, Why, and How

Open Science is a collection of actions designed to make scientific processes more transparent and results more accessible. Its goal is to build a more replicable and robust science; it does so using new technologies, altering incentives, and changing attitudes. The current movement towards open science was spurred, in part, by a recent “series of unfortunate events” within psychology and other sciences. These events include the large number of studies that have failed to replicate and the prevalence of common research and publication procedures that could explain why. Many journals and funding agencies now encourage, require, or reward some open science practices, including pre-registration, providing full materials, posting data, distinguishing between exploratory and confirmatory analyses, and running replication studies. Individuals can practice and encourage open science in their many roles as researchers, authors, reviewers, editors, teachers, and members of hiring, tenure, promotion, and awards committees. A plethora of resources are available to help scientists, and science, achieve these goals.

开放科学，旨在使科学研究过程更加透明，并提升研究结果的获取性。其宗旨在于构建更具可复制性和稳固性的科学体系，此目标通过应用新技术、调整激励机制以及转变观念来实现。当前推动开放科学运动的部分动力源于心理学及其他科学领域内近期发生的“一系列不幸事件”。这些事件包括大量研究未能成功复制，以及普遍存在的可能导致上述现象的研究与发表流程。许多期刊和资助机构现在鼓励、要求或奖励某些开放科学实践，包括预先注册、提供完整材料、发布数据、区分探索性分析与证实性分析，以及进行复制研究。个人可以在作为研究人员、作者、审稿人、编辑、教师以及招聘、任职、晋升和奖项委员会成员等多重角色中实践并倡导开放科学。众多资源可供科学家和科学界达成这些目标。