A sample of multimodal neuroimaging dataset from a single participant from probing acute aerobic exercise.

The question of how emerging adulthood, a period particularly susceptible to the onset of mental health disorders, responds to acute aerobic exercise's effects on mood and brain activity remains unanswered. A challenge in addressing this question is the scarcity of openly available data derived from scientific intervention paradigms. Here, we recruited seventy-six healthy right-handed Chinese volunteers aged 17 to 24, who were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group engaged in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at moderate intensity on a cycle ergometer, while the control group read neutral textual material without physical activity. All participants completed mood scales and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans before and after the intervention or control condition, with their heart rate monitored during the intervention. The dataset comprises physical (heart rate), mental (mood), and brain (brain structure and rs-fMRI) data, suitable for various downstream analyses such as prediction, baseline correlation, brain function analysis, integration, and comparison.