Additional file 1 of Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the dentate nucleus and periaqueductal gray with episodic and chronic migraine: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Associations between headache frequency and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between headache frequency and the GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between headache frequency and the Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between headache frequency and the GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between headache frequency and the Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S2. Associations between disease duration and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between disease duration and the GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between disease duration and the Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between disease duration and the GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between disease duration and the Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S3. Associations between the MIDAS score and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between the MIDAS score and GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between the MIDAS score and Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between the MIDAS score and GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between the MIDAS score and Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. MIDAS, migraine disability assessment scale; PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S4. Associations between the HIT-6 score and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between the HIT-6 score and GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between the HIT-6 score and Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between the HIT-6 score and GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between the HIT-6 score and Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. HIT-6, Headache Impact Test; PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S5. Associations between the PHQ-9 score and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between the PHQ-9 score and GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between the PHQ-9 score and Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between the PHQ-9 score and GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between the PHQ-9 score and Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S6. Associations between the GAD-7 score and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between the GAD-7 score and GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between the GAD-7 score and Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between the GAD-7 score and GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between the GAD-7 score and Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S7. Associations between the PSQI score and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between the PSQI score and GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between the PSQI score and Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between the PSQI score and GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between the PSQI score and Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine. Fig. S8. Associations between the MoCA score and neurochemical levels. (A) and (B) show the correlation between the MoCA score and GABA level in the PAG. (C) and (D) show the correlation between the MoCA score and Glx level in the PAG. (E) and (F) show the correlation between the MoCA score and GABA level in the DN. (G) and (H) show the correlation between the MoCA score and Glx level in the DN. Dots represent participants with migraine. The black regression line represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Gray shading represents the 95% confidence intervals of the partial correlations. MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PAG, periaqueductal gray; DN, dentate nucleus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamate/glutamine.