Demographics and clinical measures of depressed patients and HC subjects.

Notes: Abbreviation: F-MD: first episode of major depression; R-MD: recurrent episodes of major depression; HC: Healthy controls; NA: not applicable; HDRS17: 17 items the Chinese Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MMSE: Mini mental state exam; AVLT-DR: Auditory verbal learning test- delayed recall; TMT-A: Trail making test-A; TMT-B: Trail making test-B; SDMT: Symbol digit modalities test; DST: Digit span test; CDT: Clock drawing test.*Significant differences were found among first episode depression patients and recurrent depression patients and HC subjects. P values were obtained by ANOVA analysis except for gender (chi square test). a–c: post-hoc analysis (LSD test for demographic information and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison) further revealed the source of ANOVA difference (a: first episode patients vs. recurrent patients; b: first episode patients vs. HC subjects; c: recurrent patients vs. HC subjects).Demographics and clinical measures of depressed patients and HC subjects.