data.csv

This study was conducted in three permanent forest plots situated
in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, which is located in Jilin Province of
northeastern China. The region is characterized with a typical
continental mountain climate which is affected by the monsoon seasons. The mean
annual temperature at the site was 3.6 ℃, with the an average monthly
temperature ranging from a minimum of -15.4℃ in January to a maximum of 19.6℃
in August. The mean annual precipitation in the study was determined to be 707
mm, and the mean relative humidity was approximately 72%. The primary
vegetation type was observed to be a broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus
koraiensis) mixed forest. The dominant species include Pinus koraiensis,
Tilia amurensis, Abies nephrolepis, and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum.

During the period of 2005 to 2007, three
equally sized permanent plots were established as follows: A secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF); a secondary poplar and birch
mixed forest (PBF); and a mixed Tilia and Korean pine forest (TKF),
respectively, as detailed in Table1. Each of the plots
covered 5.2 hectare (260 × 200 m) and was divided into 130 quadrats of 20 × 20 m. All individuals with a diameter
at the breast (DBH) ≥ 1 cm within the plots
were identified, tagged, mapped, and measured. In this study’s analyses, only
individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were included, since such trees were determined to account
for almost all of the above-ground biomass (AGB) and productivity. In addition, all of the aforementioned plots were re-censused five
years after being first established.