Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome in Cirsium japonicum Fisch ex DC

Cirsium japonicum Fisch ex DC belongs
to the Compositae family and has been used as a folk remedy source
in Asian countries because of its health-promoting properties. It
is known that C. japonicum contains
flavonoids, furans, long-chain alcohols, sterols, and volatile oils.
Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
remains poorly understood. Therefore, transcriptome analysis and metabolic
profiling were performed using different parts of C.
japonicum to investigate phenylpropanoid metabolism.
Based on the BLASTX search results, we identified 29 orthologs of
enzymes responsible for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Additionally,
75 metabolites were identified in C. japonicum. Most of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly expressed
ranging from 2.6- to 500-fold higher in the flowers than those in
the leaves. Correspondently, the total content of flavonols was 21-fold
higher in the flowers than in the roots. However, the total level
of flavones showed 58-fold higher amounts in the leaves than in the
flowers. Additionally, the total content of flavanols was 19-fold
higher in the leaves than in the roots. The results of this study
provide transcriptomic and metabolic information to elucidate the
tissue-specific phenylpropanoid metabolism of C. japonicum.