The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between circulating 25(OH)D and pancreatic cancer by using a meta-analytic approach. PubMed, Embase, and Wed of Science databases were searched up to August 9, 2022. A random or fixed-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 16 studies with 529,917 participants met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 reported incidence and 6 reported mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis provided a complete and updated overview on the association of circulating 25(OH)D with pancreatic cancer by considering evidence from different study designs.