Limosilactobacillus reuteri B1-10 alleviates obesity in rats fed a high-fat diet by modulating the gut microbiota, metabolites, and inhibiting the JAK-STAT signalling pathway

In the present study, diet-induced specific pathogen-free obese rats were treated with different doses of breast milk-derived Limosilactobacillus reuteri B1-10. Treatment with L. reuteri B1-10 significantly reduced body weight and serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-1β. It also remodelled the gut microbiota composition. Additionally, L. reuteri B1-10 ameliorated the production of short-chain fatty acids and lipid and lipid-like molecules, mitigating associated disruptions in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and amino acid pathways. Furthermore, L. reuteri B1-10 inhibited the JAK-STAT signaling pathway linked to inflammation.