Hyperparasitoid species and the number of hyperparasitoid wasps emerging from Cotesia glomerata and C. rubecula cocoons collected during a 3-year survey.

The numbers represent individual cocoons of the two parasitoids from which either a primary parasitoid or a hyperparasitoid emerged.1Baryscapus galactopus is a gregarious hyperparasitoid that develops with on average eight individuals in a single C. rubecula cocoon. The numbers for B. galactopus represent individual Cotesia cocoons that were hyperparasitized by B. galactopus (and thus on average produced eight hyperparasitoids). The number of cocoons of the gregarious C. glomerata that were hyperparasitized was calculated by dividing the total number of emerging B. galactopus by eight.2Number indicates the collected number of cocoon clutches, from which 25,170 C. glomerata wasps emerged.