Selected metabolic traits significantly associated with FFMI^a in a linear regression model adjusted for age and sex in the KORA S4 sample.

aFat Free Mass Index; bdirection of the association (positive or negative); cfor multiple testing adjusted p-value; dadjusted R2 of the linear model; ep-gain, fold decrease in the p-value of association for the pair of metabolites, compared to the lowest of two p-values for the single metabolites; fconfirmed in KORA F4, for * significance and direction; # confirmed for xLeu in F4, n.a., metabolite was not available in F4; AAs, amino acids; Σ aromatic amino acids, sum of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan; Σ BCAAs, sum of valine, isoleucine, and leucine; Σ glucogenic amino acids, sum of alanine, glycine, and serine. The full results are given in Tables S2 (KORA S4) and S3 (KORA F4).