UV-visible diffuse reflection spectrum, PL spectroscopy, FTIR spectrum, SEM and TEM images of the prepared catalyst, structure file of Er-TiO2

Solid-state UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) measures the light absorption performance and bandgap width of catalysts. In this study, the TU-1901 instrument model was utilized for these measurements.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to analyze the different characteristic functional groups, molecular structures, and chemical compositions of the samples. The Nicolet-6700 infrared spectrometer was used in this research.Photoluminescence spectroscopy test (PL) to analyze the complexation process of photogenerated carriers. The instrument model used in this thesis is PELS-55.ElectronScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to analyze the surface morphology, particle size, and other features of the material. The equipment used in this study was the Ultra Plus. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is employed to analyze the microscopic morphology and structure of the material. The TEM equipment used in this study was the Tecnai F20.The electronic states and charge transfer directions of Er-TiO2 have been calculated using a density-functional theory (DFT) approach using the VASP software package. We adopt the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized function (DFT method) to describe the electron exchange correlation energy.