Developing an efficient and accurate algorithm for detecting building cracks, especially micro-cracks, is essential for ensuring structural integrity and safety. The identification and precise localiz
|G1|: the length of the elements in G1; |ID|: the length of ID; |M|: the length of the plaintext M; m: the number of signers (m = 1 in schemes [9]–[11] and our scheme); n: the number of recipients.
