APPENDIX 3 in New associated postcranial remains from the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia) provide insights on behaviors and ecology of early Homo

APPENDIX 3. — Linear measurements of OMO VE 3-10063. Linear measurements were taken on the numerical model of OMO VE 3-10063 with Geomagic. BonesMeasurementsDefinitionValues (mm)ClavicleMinimum diameterDiameter taken at the inflection point of the internal curvature (Carretero et al. 1997)10.0ClavicleMaximum diameterDiameter taken at the inflection point of the internal curvature (Carretero et al. 1997)14.4ClavicleConoid tubercle mininum diameterDiameters taken at the maximum projection of the conoid tubercle (Vandermeersh 1995)8.1ClavicleConoid tubercle maximum diameterDiameters taken at the maximum projection of the conoid tubercle (Vandermeersh 1995)18.6ScapulaGlenoid cavity lengthLinear distance from the most cranial point on the outer edge of the articular surface to the most caudal point (Green 2013; Green et al. 2018)33.8ScapulaGlenoid cavity widthLargest width perpendicular to the length, measured at the lateral edges of the articular surface (Green 2013; Green et al. 2018)24.3ScapulaCoracoid process lengthLinear distance between the end of the process and the root of the process (Martin 1957)39.7ScapulaScapular neck breadthMinimum width of the infraspinous fossa at the neck of the scapula, i.e., minimum distance between the base of the spine and the axillary border (Larson 1995)28.1ScapulaAcromion depthLinear distance from the most caudal point of the posterior part of the acromion to its most cranial point (Martin 1957)48.1ScapulaAcromion widthLarger width perpendicular to the depth (Martin 1957)19.6HumerusMaximum lengthLinear distance from the most proximal point of the head to the most distal point of the trochlea (Martin 1957)338.8HumerusPhysiological lengthLinear distance from the most proximal point of the head to the most distal point of the capitulum (Martin 1957)337.1HumerusSagittal diameter of the headDistance between the highest and lowest points on the median plane of the head, taken perpendicular to the transverse diameter43.1HumerusTransversal diameter of the headDistance between the most prominent points of the head edge, taken perpendicular to the sagittal diameter (Dwight 1905)40.5HumerusBicipital groove widthDistance between the internal crests of the tubercles (Corruccini & Ciochon 1976)15.5HumerusDiaphysis minimal diameterDiameter taken at mid-length of the diaphysis (Hrdlička 1920)17.1HumerusDiaphysis maximal diameterDiameter taken at mid-length of the diaphysis (Hrdlička 1920)22.1HumerusBiepicondylar widthDistance between the most lateral point of the lateral epicondyle and the corresponding point on the medial epicondyle (Martin 1957)59.6HumerusArticular surface widthDistance between the lateral edge of the capitulum and the medial edge of the trochlea. Measurement taken in the same direction as the trochlear axis (Martin 1957)43.6HumerusMaximum projection of the lateral epicondyleDistance between the proximal edge of the lateral epicondyle and the most distal point of the groove between the capitulum and the trochlea (Patterson & Howells 1967)29.8HumerusMaximum projection of the medial epicondyleDistance from the proximal edge of the medial epicondyle to the most distal point on the lateral crest of the trochlea (Patterson & Howells 1967)42.1HumerusMedial epicondyle thicknessAnteroposterior diameter of the medial epicondyle taken perpendicular to the long axis of the epicondyle (McHenry & Corruccini 1975)12.1HumerusCapitulum diameterLinear distance between the most lateral point of the capitulum and the groove between the capitulum and the trochlea. Measurement taken in the mediolateral axis of the capitulum (Martin 1957)17.7HumerusCapitulum heightDistance between the anteroproximal and posterodistal edges of the capitulum, along a proximodistal line through the middle of the capitulum (McHenry & Corruccini 1975)19.4HumerusRadial fossa widthDistance between the most lateral and the most medial point of the fossa, measured perpendicular to the axis of the diaphysis19.2HumerusCoronoid fossa widthDistance between the most lateral and the most medial point of the fossa, measured perpendicular to the axis of the diaphysis16.8HumerusTrochlear widthDistance between the medial ridge and the lateral ridge of the trochlea (McHenry & Corruccini 1975)23.7HumerusTrochlear diameterDistance between the anterior and posterior surfaces of the trochlea. Measurement taken perpendicular to the axis of the diaphysis (Martin 1957)15.1HumerusLateral crest diameterDistance between the most anterior point on the groove separating the capitulum and the trochlea and the most posterior point on the lateral crest of the trochlea. Measurement taken perpendicular to the diaphysis (McHenry & Corruccini 1975)21.0HumerusMedial crest diameterDistance from the most anterior to the most posterior point of the medial crest of the trochlea (Martin 1957)23.2HumerusMedial crest heightDistance from the most proximal to the most distal point of the medial crest of the trochlea (Carretero et al. 1997)17.9HumerusOlecranon fossa depthDistance from the deepest point of the pit to the line joining the extreme medial-lateral edges of the fossa (Martin 1957)7.4HumerusOlecranon fossa widthMaximum medial-lateral distance of the olecranon fossa. Measurement taken perpendicular to the axis of the diaphysis (Martin 1957)24.5HumerusMedial pillar widthMinimum distance between the medial edge of the diaphysis and the medial edge of the olecranon fossa. Measurement taken perpendicular to the axis of the pillar (McHenry & Corruccini 1975)10.8HumerusLateral pillar widthMinimum distance between the lateral edge of the diaphysis and the lateral edge of the olecranon fossa. Measurement taken perpendicular to the axis of the pillar (McHenry & Corruccini 1975)17.9Vertebral neural arch and spinous processLength of the spinous processDistance between the extremity of the distal end of the spinous process and the internal margin of the spinal canal in cranial view32.6Vertebral neural arch and spinous processNeural canal transverse widthDistance between the lateral-most points of the spinal canal in cranial view21.2Vertebral bodyAnterior vertical diameterDistance between the superior and the inferior surfaces of the vertebral body measured in the sagittal median plane on the ventral surface of the body (Martin 1957)11.8Vertebral bodyPosterior vertical diameterDistance between the superior and the inferior surfaces of the vertebral body measured in the sagittal median plane on the dorsal surface of the body (Martin 1957)12.9Vertebral bodyCranial sagittal diameterDistance between the ventral and dorsal points of the median sagittal planes on the cranial surface of the vertebral body (Martin 1957)14.4Vertebral bodyCaudal sagittal diameterDistance between the ventral and dorsal points of the median sagittal planes on the caudal surface of the vertebral body (Martin 1957)15.5