Global occurrence records and chemical composition dataset of Eleutherococcus senticosus

This dataset focuses on the valuable medicinal plant Eleutherococcus senticosus, aiming to provide scientific support for species conservation and sustainable utilization under the context of global climate change. The dataset consists of two core components. First, it includes a global-scale distribution dataset, developed by integrating field surveys (GPS-based) conducted from 2017 to 2025, records from databases such as GBIF, and published literature. After habitat filtering and spatial thinning, a reliable georeferenced database containing 229 valid occurrence points was established. Second, it comprises detailed chemical characterization data, based on systematic sampling of roots, stems, and rhizomes from 36 representative forest sites in Heilongjiang Province, China—the core distribution region of the species. Using chromatographic fingerprinting techniques, the contents of 11 common characteristic compounds, including Syringin and Eleutheroside E, were quantitatively determined. By linking large-scale geographic distribution patterns with fine-scale medicinal quality traits, this dataset not only reveals the survival status of E. senticosus under complex environmental conditions, but also provides essential baseline data for identifying priority conservation areas, implementing targeted in situ management, and ensuring resource security.