Transcriptomic Modulation by Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Stem Cells in Neuronal Cells

Exosomes derived from human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and rejuvenating properties, making them promising agents for neurochemical intervention. However, their transcriptomic impact on neuronal cells remains largely unexplored. To address this research question, we applied high-throughput mRNA sequencing analysis. As an in vitro model, CNS mouse-derived CAD cells were exposed to D-galactose (DG) to trigger molecular responses and were used to evaluate the efficacy of the isolated exosomes. Illumina-based mRNA sequencing has allowed expression profiling of more than 270000 genes. Comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed 3,951 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with DG-induced cells and 3,091 DEGs modulated by hASC-exosome treatment.In the presence of hASC-derived exosomes, many DEGs (1,948) were downregulated. A set of genes involved in the inflammatory response and regulated by hASC-exosomes was identified. Our study provides transcriptomic evidence supporting the regulatory role of hASC-derived exosomes in attenuating the expression of inflammatory and neurodegenerative markers, positioning them as potential candidates for antiaging neurotherapeutics.