Data and code from: Environmental drivers of wild bee reproductive performance across a South American dryland ecoregion

The reproductive performance of wild bees is a key determinant of their
population persistence. However, few studies have directly examined the
environmental drivers of demographic processes using a geographically
broad approach. In this study, we explored how biotic and abiotic factors
influence the reproduction of solitary, cavity-nesting bees across the
Monte Desert ecoregion in Argentina. Using artificial wood nests and a
standardized sampling spanning 2,000 km and 20° of latitude, we related
key reproductive metrics—nest establishment, offspring production, and
offspring survival—to latitude, climate, and biotic factors (flower
abundance, vegetation cover, and brood parasitism). Climate was the most
consistent and strongest predictor of bee reproductive performance: warm,
humid conditions during the nesting period were associated with reduced
nest establishment and offspring survival. Brood parasitism also emerged
as a strong driver, significantly reducing offspring survival. Across the
Monte Desert's latitudinal gradient, nest establishment peaked at
mid-latitudes, while offspring production and survival increased toward
higher latitudes. These findings highlight the sensitivity of wild bee
reproduction to climatic conditions, particularly during the critical
nesting period. Our study advances our understanding of the potential
impacts of climate change on wild bees in the Neotropics, where extensive
areas are experiencing dramatic land-use changes.