THE SCOPE OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN MEDICAL PRACTICE AND THE RELEVANCE OF THEIR IMPROVEMENT

There are significant ramifications for public health, treatment, and prevention when it comes to the correlation and causal role of infectious pathogens in chronic inflammatory illnesses. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications are among the many medications that must be administered in the pharmacological treatment of combination infection and inflammatory illnesses. However, this can cause adverse effects, and therefore, dual-action drugs need to be developed. Promising candidates seem to be anti-inflammatory medications that have demonstrated antibacterial qualities. Clinical trials involving individuals with cellulitis and uncomplicated UTIs were conducted to investigate NSAIDs, specifically aceclofenac, diclofenac, and ibuprofen. Patients with UTIs experienced symptom relief when ibuprofen, a medication studied in the greatest number of studies, was administered. Furthermore, ibuprofen showed strong in vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC 0.625–2.5 mg/L), and generated a high survival rate in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The majority of anti-inflammatory medications only have data demonstrating their antibacterial properties in vivo and in vitro. Among these, mice afflicted with Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus and Clostridium difficile showed a high survival rate when treated with auranofin. Additionally, it demonstrated a potent in vitro growth-inhibitory action against Bacillus subtilis, C. difficile, E. faecalis, E. faecium, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis and Mycobacterium TB (MIC 0.0015–5 mg/L). Aspirin has demonstrated strong to moderate in vitro action against E. coli, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella choleraesuis (MIC 1.2–5 mg/L) and a good survival rate in mice infected with M. tuberculosis. Additionally, mice's MRSA load was significantly reduced when celecoxib was applied topically. But in vitro, it only had mild effects against Bacillus subitilis, S. aureus and S. epidermidis (MIC 16–64 mg/L). According to these findings, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) show promise as dual-action medication candidates for the possible treatment of infectious and inflammatory conditions such tuberculosis, musculoskeletal infections, and urinary tract infections. However, before these NSAIDs are used in practice, more clinical trials must be carried out to determine their bactericidal efficacy.