Changes of gut microbiome in the early stage of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology

Data about microbial 16S rRNA analysis in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) was used to identify changes in the gut microbiome in a human sample. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiome composition in the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in CKDu, in a rural community in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Three groups of patients (with early-stage CKD with unknown etiology (CKDu); early-stage CKD with underlying diseases (CKD-UD); and patients with underlying diseases but not CKD (UD)) and one group of healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Firmicutes dominated the phylum level. There was increased abundance (relative to healthy controls) of Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Lactobacillus and decreased abundance of Bacteroides, Enterobacter, Cetobacterium, and Faecalibacterium in the CKDu, UD, and CKD-UD groups. The [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group was statistically significantly more abundant in CKDu than in HC or CKD-UD, according to LEfSe. The study will assist in the understanding of gut microbiota in early CKD, which may lead to approaches for the diagnosis of early CKD and therapeutic strategies against CKD progression.