Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population-level variation in a solitary bee

Climate change presents a major threat to species distribution and persistence. Understanding what abiotic or biotic factors influence the thermal tolerances of natural populations is critical to assessing their vulnerability under rapidly changing thermal regimes. This study evaluates how body mass, local climate, and pathogen intensity influence heat tolerance and its population-level variation (SD) among individuals of the solitary bee Xenoglossa pruinosa. We assess the sex-specific relationships between these factors and heat tolerance given the differences in size between sexes and the ground-nesting behavior of the females. We collected X. pruinosa individuals from fourteen sites across Pennsylvania, USA that varied in mean temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. We measured the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of X. pruinosa individuals as our proxy for heat tolerance, and used quantitative PCR to determine relative intensities of three parasite groups—trypanosomes, Spiropla..., , , # Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population-level variation in a solitary bee

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Jones, L. J., Miller, D. A., Schilder, R. J., López-Uribe, M. M. (2024). Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population-level variation in a solitary bee. *Ecology and Evolution*, *14*(2), e10945.

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## General Information

The raw data presented in Jones et al. (2024) are included. This study aimed to understand what abiotic and biotic factors, such as temperature and pathogen intensity, influence heat tolerance and its variation among natural populations of the solitary bee *Xenoglossa pruinosa*. Data per individual *Xenoglossa pruinosa*, including date and location of collection, mass, CTmax, and parasite intensity, are included in file 'Jones-et-al_Raw_Individual_Data.c...