Data from: Sexually discordant selection is associated with trait specific morphological changes and a complex genomic response

Sexes often have differing fitness optima, potentially generating
intra-locus sexual conflict, as each sex bears a genetic ‘load’ of alleles
beneficial to the other sex. One strategy to evaluate conflict in the
genome is to artificially select populations discordantly, against
established sexual dimorphism, reintroducing attenuated conflict. We
investigate a long-term artificial selection experiment reversing sexual
size dimorphism in Drosophila melanogaster during ~350 generations of
sexually discordant selection. We explore morphological and genomic
changes to identify loci under selection between the sexes in discordantly
and concordantly size selected treatments. Despite substantial changes to
overall size, concordant selection maintained ancestral sexual dimorphism.
However, discordant selection altered size dimorphism in a trait-specific
manner. We observe multiple, possible soft selective sweeps in the genome,
with size related genes showing signs of selection. Patterns of genomic
differentiation between the sexes within lineages identified potential
sites maintained by sexual conflict. One discordant selected lineage shows
a pattern of elevated genomic differentiation between males and females,
on chromosome 3L, consistent with the maintenance of sexual conflict. Our
results suggest visible signs of conflict and differentially segregating
alleles between the sexes due to discordant selection.