PLACES Local Data for Better Health 2022

PLACES (Population Level Analysis and Community Estimates) is an expansion of the original 500 Cities project and is a collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the CDC Foundation. The original 500 Cities Project provided city and census tract estimates for the 500 largest US cities. PLACES extends these estimates to all counties, places (incorporated and census designated places), census tracts, and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) across the United States. This service includes 40 measures for chronic disease and other health outcomes (12), prevention measures (7), health risk behaviors (4), disabilities (7), health status (3), and health-related social needs (7). Data were provided by CDC’s Division of Population Health, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch. Data sources used to generate these measures include Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (2022 or 2021), Census Bureau 2020 census population data or annual population estimates for county vintage 2022, and American Community Survey 2018–2022 estimates. The health outcomes are arthritis, current asthma, high blood pressure, cancer (no-skin) or melanoma, high cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, diagnosed diabetes, depression, obesity, all teeth lost, and stroke. The prevention measures are lack of health insurance, routine checkup within the past year, visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year, taking medicine to control high blood pressure, cholesterol screening, mammography use for women, and colorectal cancer screening. The health risk behaviors are binge drinking, current cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and short sleep duration. The disability measures are six disability types (hearing, vision, cognitive, mobility, self-care, and independent living) and any disability. The health status measures are frequent mental distress, frequent physical distress, and poor or fair health. The health-related social needs measures are social isolation, food stamps, food insecurity, housing insecurity, utility services threat, transportation barriers, and lack of social and emotional support. For more information, please visit PLACES or email [e-mail]（Population Level Analysis and Community Estimates，人群水平分析与社区估计）是原始“500城市”项目的扩展版本，由美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，CDC）、罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会（Robert Wood Johnson Foundation）以及CDC基金会联合推出。原始500城市项目仅为美国规模最大的500座城市提供城市层面与普查区域（census tract）的健康估计值，而PLACES将估计范围拓展至全美所有县、建制地区与普查指定地区、普查区域以及邮政编码制表区域（ZIP Code Tabulation Areas，ZCTAs）。本数据集涵盖40项健康相关指标，涵盖慢性病与其他健康结局（12项）、预防干预指标（7项）、健康风险行为（4项）、残疾状况（7项）、健康状态（3项）以及与健康相关的社会需求（7项）。数据由美国CDC人群健康、流行病学与监测分部（Division of Population Health, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch）提供。用于生成上述指标的数据包括2022年或2021年行为风险因素监测系统（Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System）数据、美国人口普查局2020年人口普查数据或2022年度县级人口估计数据，以及2018-2022年美国社区调查（American Community Survey）估计数据。健康结局指标包括关节炎、现患哮喘、高血压、非皮肤癌/黑色素瘤、高胆固醇血症、慢性肾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、冠心病、确诊糖尿病、抑郁症、肥胖症、全口牙缺失以及脑卒中。预防干预指标包括：未持有健康保险、过去1年内接受过常规体检、过去1年内就诊过牙医或牙科诊所、服用药物控制高血压、胆固醇筛查、女性乳腺钼靶筛查以及结直肠癌筛查。健康风险行为包括：暴饮（binge drinking）、当前吸烟、身体活动不足以及睡眠时长不足。残疾状况指标包括6类残疾类型：听力障碍、视力障碍、认知障碍、行动障碍、自理障碍以及独立生活障碍，以及任意类型残疾。健康状态指标包括：频繁精神困扰、频繁身体困扰以及健康状况不佳或一般。与健康相关的社会需求指标包括：社会隔离、食品券、粮食不安全、住房不安全、公用服务中断威胁、交通障碍以及缺乏社会与情感支持。如需了解更多相关信息，请访问PLACES官网或发送邮件至[e-mail]。