Seawater carbonate chemistry and larval shell growth and shell protein content of the Hong Kong oyster (Magallana hongkongensis)

To elucidate how bivalve larvae can overcome the physicochemical barriers imposed by adverse carbonate chemistry through biologically controlled biomineralization, we exposed Hong Kong oyster (Magallana hongkongensis) embryos to favorable carbonate chemistry (control, nominal pH 8.1) and adverse carbonate chemistry (treatment, nominal pH 7.4) conditions until prodissoconch I completion.