ON ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONSIDERING OPERATING CONDITIONS

Electriccarsdriveinalotofdifferentconditions,whichchangehowtheyworkandhowmuchenergytheyuseallthetime.Theslopeoftheroad,theweightofthevehicle,thestateofchargeofthebattery,andthedriver'sdemandalladduncertaintythatmakestraditionalfixed-parametercontrolstrategieslesseffective.Thesekindsofcontrollersmightworkwellinnormalsituations,buttheyoftendon'tworkaswellinreallife.Thismakesbatteriesworkharderandusesmoreenergy.Thispaperpresentsanadaptivecontrolframeworkforelectricvehiclesthatexplicitlyaddressesvaryingoperationalconditions.Acontrol-orientedmodeloftheelectricvehicleisdeveloped,incorporatingtheessentialinteractionsbetweenlongitudinalvehicledynamics,theelectricdrivetrain,andthebatteryenergysystem.Thisformulationpositsthatthecontrolproblemischaracterizedbyparametersthatareoftenuncertainandsubjecttotemporalvariation,inadditiontopracticalconstraintsonmotortorqueandbatteryoperationallimits.Theproposedmethodincorporatesknowledgeofoperatingconditionsdirectlyintothecontrolstrategy,enablingreal-timeadjustmentsofcontrolparametersinresponsetovariationsinroadconditions,vehiclemass,andbatterystatus.Thefunctionofthecontrolleristrackvehiclespeedandmakeitmoreenergy-efficientwhilealsolimitinghowmuchpowerthebatteryneeds.Itdoesthisbychanginghowmuchtorquethetractionmotorhas.Theformulaalsomakessurethatitworkswiththelimitsofregenerativebraking,whichmakesitsafeandeasytouse