Model 2: GOF indices for the measurement invariance tests.

Estimates of the GOF indices for the measurement invariance tests for gender, age group, highest educational degree, religious (un)affiliation and initial set of 24 countries (Denmark and Russia were excluded because of zero counts in the top level of variable V49 (frequency of prayer)). In this table, “config” refers to a configural model (thresholds νg, loadings Λg and intercepts τg free across the groups); “metric” refers to a metric-invariant model (thresholds νg and loadings Λg constrained to be equal across groups; intercepts τg free across the groups); “scalar” refers to a scalar-invariant model (thresholds νg, loadings Λg and intercepts τg constrained to be equal across the groups); “scalar partial” refers to a scalar-invariant model in which some of the constraints on the intercepts were released; and “strict” refers to a model in which the thresholds νg, loadings Λg, intercepts τg and residual variances Θg were constrained to be equal across the groups.