PGN-challenged offspring immunity.

PGN = peptidoglycan. Statistical evaluation (two-way-ANOVA) of priming effects on the increase of phenoloxidase (PO) and antibacterial (AMP) activity (lysozyme activity equivalent, Micrococcus luteus) of Manduca sexta offspring from differently treated parents (naive, PBS, PGN) one day after offspring PGN treatment in 4th instar larvae and 22-day-old pupae (Fig. 2). Means ± SE of PO activities and antibacterial activities of PGN-challenged offspring individuals are shown in Table S5 in File S1. Statistical evaluation of priming effects on the increase of immunity after offspring immune challenge by PBS is shown in Table S6 in File S1.Data were Box-Cox transformed prior to analysis in order to reach normal distribution PO = PÔ0.318, AMP = AMPˆ0.046. Significant P-levels are shown in bold.