Predicted the effects of climate change on future distributions of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form the dominant mycorrhizal type in European forests and vary in their specificity to tree hosts.  Studying the distributions of ECM fungi can help understand and manage their response to environmental change.  However, fungal geographical distributions at continental scales are poorly understood and whether they vary with host specificity is rarely known.  In this study, we investigated the influence of climate change and host specificity on the geographical distributions of 66 ECM fungi across Europe. We modelled the ECM fungal distributions using ensemble models based on four algorithms. Our models predicted that the distributions of most ECM fungal species will decrease and shift north under climate change predictions from three different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP370 and SSP585) projected for 2041-2070 and 2071-2100, and a large number of ECM fungal conifer specialists will lose their current habitats compared to broadlea..., We combined the fruitbody and root data of 66 common ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species to model their future distributions in Europe.  The fruitbody data were extracted from public databases (GBIF, UNITE) while the root data (from individual ectomycorrhizas) were obtained from a ectomycorrhizas dataset of 136 ICP Forests long-term monitoring plots. The 66 species were classified into three groups based on their host specificity: broadleaf specialists (19), conifer specialists (25) and host generalists (22). We applied an ensemble model to project the future distributions of 66 common ECM fungal species in European forests under three different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP370 and SSP585) for 2041-2070 and 2071-2100. Both biotic and abiotic environmental variables were included in the modelling process. We calculated the projected future distribution areas and centroids, and compared the future distribution to the current distribution (distribution area and centroids..., , ### **Species data and Environmental variables** We have submitted table of studied ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi including their scientific names and host specificity (Fungal_traits.csv), environmental variables in ECM fungal and host trees distribution modelling (nitrogen.tif, ocs.tif, ph.tif, Current_Bioclim.zip, 2050_SSP126_Bioclim.zip, 2050_SSP370_Bioclim.zip, 2050_SSP585_Bioclim.zip, 2080_SSP126_Bioclim.zip, 2080_SSP370_Bioclim.zip, 2080_SSP585_Bioclim.zip), and R scripts (SDM_of_ECM_fungi.zip and SDM_of_hosts.zip). #### Descriptions: 1. **ECM fungal data** ECM fungal data includes fruitbody and root occurrence data. Fruitbody data (including human observations and preserved specimens) were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and PlutoF API by using provided species names. GBIF occurrence data were accessed using the *rgbif* R package. These data were filtered and cleaned by following the recommendations of Zizka et al. (2019, 2020). PlutoF (..., ,