Neonatal overfeeding increases HFD-induced weight gain and alters fat distribution.

A-B: Post-weaning bodyweights (A) and naso-anal length (B) of mice raised in normal litters (NL) or small litters (SL) and fed a chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) starting at 5 weeks of age (n = 9–13 per group from ≥ 5 litters). C-E: Mass (C) and mean adipocyte areas (E) of epididymal (eWAT), retroperitoneal (rWAT), and inguinal (iWAT) adipose tissue in adult SL and NL mice fed a chow or a HFD (n = 7–8 per group from ≥ 4 litters). Representative images illustrating adipocyte morphology (immunostained for perilipin, green fluorescence) in adult NL and SL mice fed a chow or a HFD (D). *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 versus NL matched for diet; Δ P<0.05, ΔΔΔ P<0.001 for Diet main-effect; Σ P<0.05, ΣΣ P<0.01 for Litter Size main-effect. Scale bar, 100 μm.