GREEN TRANSFORMATION (GX) IN JAPAN'S ENERGY POLICY AND CARBON NEUTRALITY STRATEGY

This article examines Japan’s Green Transformation (GX) policy as a comprehensive national strategy aimed at achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. It analyzes the strategic directions of Japan’s energy policy in the context of global climate change, energy security challenges, and technological innovation. The study is based on qualitative analysis of governmental policy documents, international energy reports, and academic literature. The findings show that Japan’s energy transition is characterized by a multi-layered approach combining renewable energy expansion, nuclear energy utilization, hydrogen and ammonia technologies, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) systems. A key role is played by the Green Transformation (GX) framework, which integrates industrial restructuring with environmental sustainability and economic growth. Despite strong policy commitments, Japan continues to face structural challenges such as high dependence on imported fossil fuels, technological and financial constraints, and public concerns regarding nuclear energy. Nevertheless, through initiatives such as the GX League and large-scale public-private investment programs, Japan is positioning itself as a global leader in green innovation and sustainable energy development.