KINSHIP IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY LECTURER AT ANDIJAN STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

This article examines kinship terms in the English and Uzbek languages from a comparative linguistic, linuocultural, and pragmatic perspective . The main purpose of the study is to identify similarities and differences in the systems of kinship terminology and to analyze how these terms reflect cultural values and social structures in both languages. The article shows that Uzbek kinship terminology is highly specific and systematically organized, distinguishing relatives according to age, gender, and parental lineage. In contrast, English kinship terms are more generalized and less differentiated, often using a single term to denote several types of rellationships. The study also highlights the pragmatic functions of kinship terms, demonstrating that in Uzbek they are widely used to express respect, politeness, and social closeness even beyond family contexts. In English, however, such terms are primarily limited to biological relationships and are less frequently used in broader social interaction.