THE INFLUENCE OF NATIVE LANGUAGE ON SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

The influence of a learner’s native language (L1) on second language acquisition (SLA) has long been a central topic in applied linguistics. This study investigates how L1 affects the learning process of a second language (L2), particularly in terms of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary. Using a qualitative-analytical approach, the research examines theoretical models and empirical findings related to language transfer, interference, and cross-linguistic influence. The findings reveal that the native language can both facilitate and hinder second language acquisition. Positive transfer occurs when similarities between L1 and L2 support learning, while negative transfer (interference) leads to errors. The study concludes that understanding L1 influence is essential for improving language teaching strategies and learner outcomes.