A single-cell transcriptomic dataset of pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes via NFIB/SOX9 overexpression

Astrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system, play essential roles in maintaining brain function. Reprogramming induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to become astrocytes through overexpression of the transcription factors, NFIB and SOX9, is a rapid and efficient approach for studying human neurological diseases and identifying therapeutic targets. However, the precise differentiation path and molecular signatures of induced astrocytes remain incompletely understood. Accordingly, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on 64,736 cells to establish a comprehensive atlas of NFIB/SOX9-directed astrocyte differentiation from human iPSCs. Our dataset provides detailed information about the path of astrocyte differentiation, highlighting the stepwise molecular changes that occur throughout the differentiation process. This dataset serves as a valuable reference for dissecting uncharacterized transcriptomic features of NFIB/SOX9-induced astrocytes and investigating lineage progression during astrocyte differentiation. Moreover, these findings pave the way for future studies on neurological diseases using the NFIB/SOX9-induced astrocyte model. Astrocytes were generated from multiple iPSC lines (iPSC1, DYR0100 line; iPSC2, BIONi037-A line) by overexpressing Nfib and Sox9. The resulting astrocytes derived from iPSC1 and iPSC2 were profiled by scRNA-seq. Moreover, the resulting cells at multiple stages (Day 0, 1, 3, 8, 14, 21) along monoclonal iPSC1 differentiation were profiled by single-cell RNA sequencing.