The impact of air pollution and residential settings in the process of biological, cognitive and emotional aging in humans

The present document contains the summary dataset generated within the framework of the research project PID2020-113812RB-C33, funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI), Government of Spain.The dataset includes environmental, cognitive, psychological, and biochemical data collected from young and older adult populations exposed to different levels of particulate matter (PM) pollution in rural and urban environments across Spain. The dataset has been organized into independent work blocks to facilitate data accessibility, interoperability, and reuse in accordance with FAIR data principles. Dataset Structure: 1. PM Youths: This block contains data collected from young participants recruited in three Spanish cities: Almería, Teruel, and Talavera, characterized by different PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Environmental exposure was assessed through in situ measurements of particulate matter. In addition, individualized exposure estimates were generated using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model (Miller et al., 2016; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.01.002), which simulates PM deposition in the alveolar region considering physiological variables. This approach enabled a more precise characterization of interindividual differences in PM exposure. The dataset includes: PM2.5 and PM10 environmental concentrations, Demographic variables, Physiological parameters used for MPPD simulationsm Cognitive and psychological assessment variables. 2. PM Elderly: This block includes data obtained from older adult populations recruited in Sacedón and Teruel, two geographical areas with different PM exposure profiles. The dataset integrates: Environmental exposure variables, Cognitive performance measures, Psychological assessments and Biochemical markers. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to explore associations among cognitive, psychological, biochemical, and environmental variables in rural and urban settings. 3. ELISAs Youths + Elderly: This common block contains biochemical data derived from ELISA analyses performed in serum samples from both young and older participants. The following biomarkers were analyzed: Klotho protein (aging-related biomarker), IL-6 and TNF-α (inflammatory markers), NRF2a (oxidative stress-related marker). All ELISA analyses were conducted in the same laboratory following manufacturers’ protocols to ensure methodological consistency and reproducibility. Data Reuse and Interoperability Variable names and dataset organization were designed to facilitate reproducibility and secondary analyses. The dataset may support future research on: Environmental health, Cognitive aging, Air pollution exposure, Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, Rural versus urban health differences and Exposome-related approaches. All shared data have been anonymized prior to deposition to ensure participant confidentiality and compliance with ethical and data protection regulations. Each dataset includes a detailed description of the variables and measures used. Public with restricted files: Due to ethical and data protection restrictions, files are available upon reasonable request.