Single-Cell Transcriptomics Defines the Cellular Basis of Heterogeneous Outcomes After Lung Transplantation

This dataset comprises single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) profiles from 11 explanted human native lungs collected during lung transplantation-related surgery. Samples included native end-stage diseased lungs removed at primary lung transplantation (P-LTx, n = 5) and retained native lungs explanted at re-transplantation (Re-LTx, n = 6) from prior single-lung transplant recipients. After quality control, 72,240 high-quality nuclei were retained for analysis. The dataset was generated to investigate tissue-level remodeling associated with poor post-transplant clinical trajectories. Comparative analyses between P-LTx and Re-LTx samples enable the characterization of epithelial lineage changes, alveolar epithelial dysfunction, immune microenvironment remodeling, and intercellular communication in chronically injured native lungs within the post-transplant setting. Key features represented in the dataset include ciliated lineage expansion, a stress-responsive pre-ciliated epithelial state, dedifferentiated SFTPC-negative alveolar type 2 cells, and pro-fibrotic immune signaling programs.