Incidence and risk factors of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of treatment failure among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome infected (AIDS) children who were on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted from January 2010 to March 2016. A total of 824 children under the age of 15 years who had started ART were included in the study. Data were collected from children’s medical chart and ART registration logbook using a standard checklist. A Weibull regression model was used to identify the risk factors for treatment failure. Adjusted Hazard Ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to declare statistical significance. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the children was 6.4 ± 3.6 years with a median (IQR) follow up of 30.5 (IQR: 14.6, 51.4) months. Sixty-three children (7.7%, 95%CI:5.8, 9.5) developed treatment failure. Seventeen (27.0%) of whom were immunologi...