Comparison of the costs of the universal ‘test and treat’ (T&T) strategy (blue curve) and achieving universal access to treatment (black curve) in terms of discounted treatment costs.

Costs are discounted by 3.5% annually, following Granich et al. [10]. Dynamics of acquired and transmitted drug resistance are included in these simulations. To generate this Figure we assumed a treatment-induced reduction in infectivity of 85%, acquired drug resistance develops in treated individuals at a rate of 3% per year [10] and drug-resistant strains are 50% as transmissible as wild-type strains. Panel (A) shows discounted annual treatment costs over time and (B) shows discounted cumulative treatment costs over time. Treatment costs include the costs for both first-line and second-line regimens.