Patterns of association^a among seven classes of insects and pathogens within 503 dying or recently dead pine trees in Galicia, Spain (Table 6).

aEntries are an index of association for each pair of organisms (ratio of observed over expected co-occurrences under null model of no association). Asterisks indicate significant non-random associations via Fisher exact test. Indices >1 indicate a positive association (tendency to co-occur in the same tree more than often than expected by chance).