Table_1_Comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat in response to corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis F. infestation.docx

Aphids are one of the most important insect pests of wheat crop in all wheat growing regions of the world. Amongst various aphid species, the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis F.) is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of wheat in the North Western Plains region of India. Transcriptome profiling of highly susceptible wheat Triticum durum genotype, A-9-30-1 and tolerant wheat Triticum aestivum genotype, HD2967 was performed to investigate aphid-host interactions. The results obtained from differential gene expression analysis of R. maidis on the highly susceptible genotype, A-9-30-1 plants, when compared with the tolerant genotype, HD2967, showed that 212 genes were significantly upregulated and 1009 genes were significantly downregulated. Our findings demonstrated that the genes associated with defense were significantly higher in response to R. maidis on HD2967 as compared to A-9-30-1. Additionally, various genes with physiological attributes were expressed during aphid attack. Based on gene ontology classification, three classifications, such as, cellular components (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological processes (BP) of sequences were identified. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that twenty-five pathway genes were differentially expressed during the infestation of wheat with R. maidis. Notable changes were observed in A-9-30-1 and HD2967 transcriptomic profiling after infestation. The results obtained in the present study will help to elucidate the mechanism governing host-pest interaction and may lead to the development of new methods for increasing the resistance level of wheat against R. maidis, including over-expression of defense-related genes.

蚜虫是全球小麦种植区域中最重要的害虫之一。在众多蚜虫种类中，玉米叶蚜（Rhopalosiphum maidis F.）被认为是印度西北平原地区小麦最具有破坏性的害虫之一。为探究蚜虫与寄主间的相互作用，对高度易感小麦基因型Triticum durum的A-9-30-1和耐蚜小麦基因型Triticum aestivum的HD2967进行了转录组分析。与耐蚜基因型HD2967相比，对高度易感基因型A-9-30-1进行差异基因表达分析结果显示，212个基因显著上调，1009个基因显著下调。本研究发现，与防御相关的基因在HD2967对R. maidis的响应中显著高于A-9-30-1。此外，在蚜虫攻击过程中，还表达了一系列具有生理特性的基因。基于基因本体分类，识别出细胞组分（CC）、分子功能（MF）和生物学过程（BP）三个分类的序列。KEGG富集分析显示，在R. maidis感染小麦过程中，有25个通路基因表达存在差异。在感染后，A-9-30-1和HD2967的转录组分析出现了显著变化。本研究获得的结果有助于阐明寄主-害虫相互作用机制，并可能为提高小麦对R. maidis的抗性水平提供新的方法，包括防御相关基因的过表达。