STEP Skills Measurement Household Survey 2013 (Wave 2) - Kenya

Abstract
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The STEP (Skills Toward Employment and Productivity) Measurement program is the first ever initiative to generate internationally comparable data on skills available in developing countries. The program implements standardized surveys to gather information on the supply and distribution of skills and the demand for skills in labor market of low-income countries.

The uniquely-designed Household Survey includes modules that measure the cognitive skills (reading, writing and numeracy), socio-emotional skills (personality, behavior and preferences) and job-specific skills (subset of transversal skills with direct job relevance) of a representative sample of adults aged 15 to 64 living in urban areas, whether they work or not. The cognitive skills module also incorporates a direct assessment of reading literacy based on the Survey of Adults Skills instruments. Modules also gather information about family, health and language.

Geographic coverage
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- The STEP target population is the urban population aged 15 to 64 (inclusive).

Analysis unit
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The units of analysis are the individual respondents and households. A household roster is undertaken at the start of the survey and the individual respondent is randomly selected among all household members aged 15 to 64 included. The random selection process was designed by the STEP team and compliance with the procedure is carefully monitored during fieldwork.

Universe
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The target population is defined as all non-institutionalized persons aged 15 to 64 (inclusive) living in private dwellings in the urban areas of the country at the time of the data collection. This includes all residents, except foreign diplomats and non-nationals working for international organizations
The following are considered "institutionalized" and excluded from the STEP survey:
- Residents of institutions (prisons, hospitals, etc)
- Residents of senior homes and hospices
- Residents of other group dwellings such as college dormitories, halfway homes, workers' quarters, etc

Other acceptable exclusions are:
- Persons living outside the country at the time of data collection, e.g., students at foreign universities
Deviation Requested from the Standard: The statistical population is composed of core urban households and excludes the categories identified here, as well as itinerants (as classified in the Population Census 2009 in Kenya).

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample size was 3894 households. The Kenya sample design is a stratified 3 stage sample design. The sample was stratified by 4 geographic areas: 1-Nairobi, 2-Other Large Cities (over 100,000 households), 3- Medium cities (60,000 to 100,000 HHs), and 4-Other Urban Areas. For detailed description of the sample design and sampling methodologies, refer to Part 3 of the National Survey Design Planning Report (NSDPR) as well as the STEP Survey Weighting Procedures Summary. Both documents are provided as external resources.

Sampling deviation
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War marred and unstable regions of Kenya were excluded from the survey. Itinerants (as classified in the Population Census 2009 in Kenya) were also excluded.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The STEP survey instruments include:
(i) A Background Questionnaire developed by the WB STEP team.
(ii) A Reading Literacy Assessment developed by Educational Testing Services (ETS).

All countries adapted and translated both instruments following the STEP Technical Standards: 2 independent translators adapted and translated the Background Questionnaire and Reading Literacy Assessment, while reconciliation was carried out by a third translator. In Kenya the section of the questionnaire assessing behavior and personality traits (Module 6) was translated into Swahili to adapt to respondents' language preferences, so that the respondent could choose to answer in either English or Swahili.
- The survey instruments were both piloted as part of the survey pretest.
- The adapted Background Questionnaires are provided in English as external resources. The Reading Literacy Assessment is protected by copyright and will not be published.

Cleaning operations
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EEC Canada Inc. was responsible for data entry and processing.

The STEP Data management process is as follows:

1. Raw data is sent by the survey firm
2. The WB STEP team runs data checks on the Background Questionnaire data.
- ETS runs data checks on the Reading Literacy Assessment data.
- Comments and questions are sent back to the survey firm.
3. The survey firm reviews comments and questions. When a data entry error is identified, the survey firm corrects the data.
4. The WB STEP team and ETS check the data files are clean. This might require additional iterations with the survey firm.
5. Once the data has been checked and cleaned, the WB STEP team computes the weights. Weights are computed by the STEP team to ensure consistency across sampling methodologies.
6. ETS scales the Reading Literacy Assessment data.
7. The WB STEP team merges the Background Questionnaire data with the Reading Literacy Assessment data and computes derived variables.

Response rate
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An overall response rate of 91.8% was achieved in the Kenya STEP Survey. Table 21 of the STEP Survey Weighting Procedures Summary provides the detailed percentage distribution by final status code.

摘要
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STEP（就业与生产力技能测量）计划是全球首次旨在生成发展中国家技能可用性的国际可比数据的倡议。该计划通过实施标准化调查，收集关于低收入国家劳动力市场中技能供给、分布及技能需求的信息。

独具匠心的家庭调查包括衡量代表性样本成年人（15至64岁，不论是否工作）认知技能（阅读、写作和算术）、社会情感技能（性格、行为和偏好）以及特定工作技能（与工作直接相关的跨技能子集）的模块。认知技能模块还结合了基于成人技能调查工具的直接阅读能力评估。模块还收集有关家庭、健康和语言的信息。

地理覆盖范围
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- STEP的目标人群为15至64岁（含）的城镇人口。

分析单位
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分析单位为个人受访者和家庭。在调查开始时进行家庭花名册编制，并在所有15至64岁的家庭成员中随机选择个人受访者。随机选择过程由STEP团队设计，并在实地调查期间严格监控程序是否符合该程序。

总体
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目标人群定义为在数据收集时居住在城镇地区私人住宅中所有非机构化的15至64岁（含）人员。这包括所有居民，但除外国使节和国际组织工作的非本国人员
以下情况被视为“机构化”并被排除在STEP调查之外：
- 机构（监狱、医院等）的居民
- 老年之家和临终关怀院的居民
- 其他集体住宅的居民，如大学宿舍、中途之家、工人宿舍等

其他可接受的排除情况包括：
- 数据收集时居住在国外的人员，例如在外国大学的学生
从标准统计人口中请求的偏差：统计人口由核心城镇家庭组成，排除此处列出的类别，以及流动人员（如肯尼亚2009年人口普查中所分类的）。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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样本量为3894个家庭。肯尼亚样本设计为分层三阶段样本设计。样本按4个地理区域分层：1-内罗毕，2-其他大城市（超过10万户），3-中等城市（6万至10万户），4-其他城镇地区。有关样本设计和抽样方法的详细描述，请参阅国家调查设计规划报告（NSDPR）的第3部分以及STEP调查加权程序摘要。这两份文件作为外部资源提供。

抽样偏差
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肯尼亚战争破坏和不稳定的地区被排除在调查之外。流动人员（如肯尼亚2009年人口普查中所分类的）也被排除。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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STEP调查工具包括：
(i) 由世界银行STEP团队开发的背景问卷。
(ii) 由教育测验服务（ETS）开发的阅读能力评估。

所有国家根据STEP技术标准对这两项工具进行了改编和翻译：2名独立翻译者改编和翻译了背景问卷和阅读能力评估，而协调工作由第三位翻译者完成。在肯尼亚，问卷中评估行为和性格特征的部分（模块6）被翻译成斯瓦希里语，以适应受访者的语言偏好，受访者可以选择用英语或斯瓦希里语回答。
- 调查工具作为调查预测试的一部分进行了试点。
- 改编后的背景问卷以英语作为外部资源提供。阅读能力评估受版权保护，将不予出版。

清理操作
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EEC Canada Inc. 负责数据录入和处理。

STEP数据管理流程如下：
1. 原始数据由调查公司发送
2. WB STEP团队对背景问卷数据进行数据检查。
- ETS对阅读能力评估数据进行数据检查。
- 将评论和问题发送回调查公司。
3. 调查公司审查评论和问题。当发现数据录入错误时，调查公司会纠正数据。
4. WB STEP团队和ETS检查数据文件是否清洁。这可能需要与调查公司进行额外的迭代。
5. 一旦数据经过检查和清理，WB STEP团队计算权重。权重由STEP团队计算，以确保跨抽样方法的一致性。
6. ETS调整阅读能力评估数据。
7. WB STEP团队将背景问卷数据与阅读能力评估数据合并，并计算派生变量。

响应率
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肯尼亚STEP调查实现了91.8%的整体响应率。STEP调查加权程序摘要的第21表提供了按最终状态代码的详细百分比分布。