Data from: No release for the wicked: enemy release is dynamic and not associated with invasiveness

The enemy release hypothesis predicts that invasive species will receive
less damage from enemies, compared to co-occurring native and noninvasive
exotic species in their introduced range. However, release operating early
in invasion could be lost over time and with increased range size as
introduced species acquire new enemies. We used three years of data, from
61 plant species planted into common gardens, to determine whether (1)
invasive, noninvasive exotic, and native species experience differential
damage from insect herbivores and mammalian browsers, and (2) enemy
release is lost with increased residence time and geographic spread in the
introduced range. We find no evidence suggesting enemy release is a
general mechanism contributing to invasiveness in this region. Invasive
species received the most insect herbivory, and damage increased with
longer residence times and larger range sizes at three spatial scales. Our
results show that invasive and exotic species fail to escape enemies,
particularly over longer temporal and larger spatial scales.