Background material for the conference paper 'The value proposition for systematic long-term vegetation studies'

Long-term vegetation observations are rare but essential for the effective management of our natural assets. Studies of 3-4 years allow us to discern short-term variability, but long-term trends are only detectable over multiple decades. This document provides an expanded summary of several medium to long-term rangelands sites considered for a paper presented to the International Rangelands Congress in 2025. The sites are described using the categories: Site specifics (url and lat/long); Description and original purpose (testable hypothesis applied); Ownership/ governance of the site; Dates (start, any interruption, finish?); Use and values; Challenges; and Data availability following FAIR criteria. The sites considered in Australia are: Kidman Springs, 30 and 50 years; Koonamore, 90+ years; the Brigalow Catchment study, 60 years; the Wambiana grazing trial, 26 years; several Australian Wildlife Conservancy sites across northern Australia, 19+ years; and one site in the USA, Jornada, 105 years.