Applications of miniaturised spectroscopic devices for the detection of diabetes and kidney disease

This thesis explores the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and UV/Visible spectroscopy to quantify albuminuria, glucose, and creatinine in human urine samples, targeting key biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Through the development of multivariate and univariate analytical methods, this research introduces streamlined approaches for biomarker quantification in clinical samples. Notably, unlike previous studies that required extensive sample pre-processing, this work achieves spectral data collection directly from raw samples, preserving their integrity and significantly simplifying the workflow. The thesis is organized into seven chapters, each contributing to the scientific framework and practical advancements of this study