NoVA Data Center Generator Permit Atlas: The Emissions Reporting Gap

Three independent public records describe Northern Virginia data-center backup-generator fleets and each counts a different number of data centers. This synthesis reconciles all three into 106 campus units: 339 OpenStreetMap data-center features (304 building footprints totalling 4,012,596 square metres), 144 EPA ECHO Clean Air Act permitted facilities, and 23 facilities reporting to the EPA 2023 National Emissions Inventory. Of the 106 campuses, 72 hold an air permit and only 10 appear in the federal emissions inventory - federal emissions reporting covers 9.4 percent of the region's data-center campuses. Of the 144 permits, 75 carry Virginia's "80 percent synthetic minor" classification and exactly two are Title V majors. Includes DBSCAN campus reconciliation, IsolationForest anomaly flags, per-permit compliance and enforcement history, and a per-jurisdiction rollup. Combines Keystone GIS Day 7 and Day 78.Produced by the Keystone GIS Northern Virginia Autonomous GIS Research Program. Full methodology, interactive map, and FGDC metadata: https://keystonegis.com/datasets/nova-dc-permit-gap-day79.html