Data for: "Ancient DNA Reveals Five Streams of Migration into Micronesia and Matrilocality in Early Pacific Seafarers"

Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but its inhabitants’ origins remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory streams into Micronesia. Three are East Asian-related, one is Polynesian, and a fifth is a Papuan source related to mainland New Guineans which is different from the New Britain-related Papuan source for southwest Pacific populations, but similarly derived from male migrants ~2500-2000 years ago. People of the Mariana Archipelago may derive all their pre-colonial ancestry from East Asian sources, making them the only Remote Oceanians without Papuan ancestry. Female-inherited mitochondrial DNA was highly differentiated across early Remote Oceanian communities but homogeneous within, implying matrilocal practices whereby women rarely moved households after marriage.