IMPROVING SURGICAL TREATMENT METHODS FOR ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life and frequently requires surgical intervention when medical therapy fails or serious complications develop. Continuous advances in colorectal surgery have contributed to improved postoperative outcomes through the introduction of minimally invasive techniques, restorative procedures, and enhanced perioperative care. The present study aimed to evaluate contemporary surgical treatment strategies for ulcerative colitis and identify evidence-based approaches for improving surgical outcomes. A qualitative descriptive methodology based on a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of current scientific literature, clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and multicenter studies was employed. The study analyzed indications for surgery, operative techniques, perioperative management, postoperative complications, and long-term functional outcomes associated with various surgical procedures. Particular attention was given to restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, as well as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols. The findings indicate that early surgical intervention, careful patient selection, minimally invasive operative techniques, and multidisciplinary perioperative management significantly reduce postoperative morbidity, shorten hospital stay, accelerate functional recovery, and improve long-term quality of life. Furthermore, implementation of ERAS pathways and individualized treatment strategies contributes to lower complication rates and better preservation of bowel function. Continuous refinement of surgical techniques together with evidence-based perioperative care remains essential for optimizing clinical outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis. Future research should focus on personalized surgical approaches, advanced minimally invasive technologies, and innovative strategies for preventing postoperative complications.