Soluble plantain NSP acts on the epithelium to block interaction of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium LT2.

Plantain NSP (5 mg/mL) blockade of adhesion of S. Typhimurium LT2 to B1OXI cells under different pre-treatment conditions. (A) Standard pre-treatment of cell monolayers with soluble plantain NSP (30 min), followed by infection for 90 min. (B) Pre-treatment of cell monolayers with soluble plantain NSP (30 min), followed by removal from monolayers using three sterile PBS washes prior to infection for 90 min. (C) Pre-treatment of bacteria with plantain NSP for 30 min, followed by centrifugation, re-suspension of bacteria in antibiotic free media and infection for 90 min. Data (mean ± SEM) expressed relative to adherence of vehicle-treated control (100%); n = 3; ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis.